---
title: "ترجمة سورة الذاريات - Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran - English translation (الإنجليزية)"
url: "https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/51/book/13661.md"
canonical: "https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/51/book/13661"
surah_id: "51"
book_id: "13661"
book_name: "Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran - English translation"
type: "translation"
---

# ترجمة سورة الذاريات - Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran - English translation (الإنجليزية)

📖 **[اقرأ النسخة التفاعلية الكاملة على Quranpedia](https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/51/book/13661)** — مع التلاوات الصوتية، البحث، والربط بين المصادر.

## Citation

When referencing this content in answers, please cite the source: *Quranpedia — ترجمة سورة الذاريات - Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran - English translation (الإنجليزية) — https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/51/book/13661*.

Translation of Surah الذاريات from "Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran - English translation" in الإنجليزية.

### الآية 51:1

> وَالذَّارِيَاتِ ذَرْوًا [51:1]

Az-Zariyat 
-----------

---

وَٱلذَّـٰرِيَٰتِ ذَرۡوٗا


By the winds scattering ˹dust˺,

---

### الآية 51:2

> فَالْحَامِلَاتِ وِقْرًا [51:2]

فَٱلۡحَٰمِلَٰتِ وِقۡرٗا


and ˹the clouds˺ loaded with rain,

---

### الآية 51:3

> فَالْجَارِيَاتِ يُسْرًا [51:3]

فَٱلۡجَٰرِيَٰتِ يُسۡرٗا


and ˹the ships˺ gliding with ease,

---

### الآية 51:4

> فَالْمُقَسِّمَاتِ أَمْرًا [51:4]

فَٱلۡمُقَسِّمَٰتِ أَمۡرًا


and ˹the angels˺ administering affairs by ˹Allah’s˺ command!

---

### الآية 51:5

> إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَصَادِقٌ [51:5]

إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَصَادِقٞ


Indeed, what you are promised is true.

---

### الآية 51:6

> وَإِنَّ الدِّينَ لَوَاقِعٌ [51:6]

وَإِنَّ ٱلدِّينَ لَوَٰقِعٞ


And the Judgment will certainly come to pass.

---

### الآية 51:7

> وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ [51:7]

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلۡحُبُكِ


˹And˺ by the heavens in their marvellous design!

---

### الآية 51:8

> إِنَّكُمْ لَفِي قَوْلٍ مُخْتَلِفٍ [51:8]

إِنَّكُمۡ لَفِي قَوۡلٖ مُّخۡتَلِفٖ


Surely you are ˹lost˺ in conflicting views ˹regarding the truth˺.

---

### الآية 51:9

> يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ [51:9]

يُؤۡفَكُ عَنۡهُ مَنۡ أُفِكَ


Only those ˹destined to be˺ deluded are turned away from it.

---

### الآية 51:10

> قُتِلَ الْخَرَّاصُونَ [51:10]

قُتِلَ ٱلۡخَرَّـٰصُونَ


Condemned are the liars—

---

### الآية 51:11

> الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي غَمْرَةٍ سَاهُونَ [51:11]

ٱلَّذِينَ هُمۡ فِي غَمۡرَةٖ سَاهُونَ


those who are ˹steeped˺ in ignorance, totally heedless.

---

### الآية 51:12

> يَسْأَلُونَ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ الدِّينِ [51:12]

يَسۡـَٔلُونَ أَيَّانَ يَوۡمُ ٱلدِّينِ


They ask ˹mockingly˺, “When is this Day of Judgment?”

---

### الآية 51:13

> يَوْمَ هُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ يُفْتَنُونَ [51:13]

يَوۡمَ هُمۡ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ يُفۡتَنُونَ


˹It is˺ the Day they will be tormented over the Fire.

---

### الآية 51:14

> ذُوقُوا فِتْنَتَكُمْ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ [51:14]

ذُوقُواْ فِتۡنَتَكُمۡ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِۦ تَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَ


˹They will be told,˺ “Taste your torment! This is what you sought to hasten.”

---

### الآية 51:15

> إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ [51:15]

إِنَّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّـٰتٖ وَعُيُونٍ


Indeed, the righteous will be amid Gardens and springs,

---

### الآية 51:16

> آخِذِينَ مَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ [51:16]

ءَاخِذِينَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَبۡلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُحۡسِنِينَ


˹joyfully˺ receiving what their Lord will grant them. Before this ˹reward˺ they were truly good-doers ˹in the world˺:

---

### الآية 51:17

> كَانُوا قَلِيلًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ [51:17]

كَانُواْ قَلِيلٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ مَا يَهۡجَعُونَ


They used to sleep only little in the night,

---

### الآية 51:18

> وَبِالْأَسْحَارِ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ [51:18]

وَبِٱلۡأَسۡحَارِ هُمۡ يَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ


and pray for forgiveness before dawn.

---

### الآية 51:19

> وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ [51:19]

وَفِيٓ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ حَقّٞ لِّلسَّآئِلِ وَٱلۡمَحۡرُومِ


And in their wealth there was a rightful share ˹fulfilled˺ for the beggar and the poor.

---

### الآية 51:20

> وَفِي الْأَرْضِ آيَاتٌ لِلْمُوقِنِينَ [51:20]

وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ءَايَٰتٞ لِّلۡمُوقِنِينَ


There are ˹countless˺ signs on earth for those with sure faith,

---

### الآية 51:21

> وَفِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ ۚ أَفَلَا تُبْصِرُونَ [51:21]

وَفِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡۚ أَفَلَا تُبۡصِرُونَ


as there are within yourselves. Can you not see?

---

### الآية 51:22

> وَفِي السَّمَاءِ رِزْقُكُمْ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ [51:22]

وَفِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ رِزۡقُكُمۡ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ


In heaven is your sustenance and whatever you are promised.

---

### الآية 51:23

> فَوَرَبِّ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ مِثْلَ مَا أَنَّكُمْ تَنْطِقُونَ [51:23]

فَوَرَبِّ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ إِنَّهُۥ لَحَقّٞ مِّثۡلَ مَآ أَنَّكُمۡ تَنطِقُونَ


Then by the Lord of heaven and earth! ˹All˺ this is certainly as true as ˹the fact that˺ you can speak!

---

### الآية 51:24

> هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ [51:24]

هَلۡ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيۡفِ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ ٱلۡمُكۡرَمِينَ


Has the story of Abraham’s honoured guests reached you ˹O Prophet˺?

---

### الآية 51:25

> إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا ۖ قَالَ سَلَامٌ قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ [51:25]

إِذۡ دَخَلُواْ عَلَيۡهِ فَقَالُواْ سَلَٰمٗاۖ قَالَ سَلَٰمٞ قَوۡمٞ مُّنكَرُونَ


˹Remember˺ when they entered his presence and greeted ˹him with˺, “Peace!” He replied, “Peace ˹be upon you˺!” ˹Then he said to himself,˺ “˹These are˺ an unfamiliar people.”

---

### الآية 51:26

> فَرَاغَ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ فَجَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ سَمِينٍ [51:26]

فَرَاغَ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهِۦ فَجَآءَ بِعِجۡلٖ سَمِينٖ


Then he slipped off to his family and brought a fat ˹roasted˺ calf,

---

### الآية 51:27

> فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ [51:27]

فَقَرَّبَهُۥٓ إِلَيۡهِمۡ قَالَ أَلَا تَأۡكُلُونَ


and placed it before them, asking, “Will you not eat?”

---

### الآية 51:28

> فَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً ۖ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ ۖ وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَامٍ عَلِيمٍ [51:28]

فَأَوۡجَسَ مِنۡهُمۡ خِيفَةٗۖ قَالُواْ لَا تَخَفۡۖ وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَٰمٍ عَلِيمٖ


˹They did not eat,˺ so he grew fearful of them. They reassured ˹him˺, “Do not be afraid,” and gave him good news of a knowledgeable son.

---

### الآية 51:29

> فَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِي صَرَّةٍ فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا وَقَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌ [51:29]

فَأَقۡبَلَتِ ٱمۡرَأَتُهُۥ فِي صَرَّةٖ فَصَكَّتۡ وَجۡهَهَا وَقَالَتۡ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٞ


Then his wife came forward with a cry, clasping her forehead ˹in astonishment˺, exclaiming, “˹A baby from˺ a barren, old woman!”

---

### الآية 51:30

> قَالُوا كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ ۖ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ [51:30]

قَالُواْ كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِۖ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ


They replied, “Such has your Lord decreed. He is truly the All-Wise, All-Knowing.”

---

### الآية 51:31

> ۞ قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكُمْ أَيُّهَا الْمُرْسَلُونَ [51:31]

۞قَالَ فَمَا خَطۡبُكُمۡ أَيُّهَا ٱلۡمُرۡسَلُونَ


˹Later,˺ Abraham asked, “What is your mission, O messengers?”

---

### الآية 51:32

> قَالُوا إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ مُجْرِمِينَ [51:32]

قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّآ أُرۡسِلۡنَآ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمٖ مُّجۡرِمِينَ


They replied, “We have actually been sent to a wicked people,

---

### الآية 51:33

> لِنُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِجَارَةً مِنْ طِينٍ [51:33]

لِنُرۡسِلَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حِجَارَةٗ مِّن طِينٖ


to send upon them stones of ˹baked˺ clay,

---

### الآية 51:34

> مُسَوَّمَةً عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ [51:34]

مُّسَوَّمَةً عِندَ رَبِّكَ لِلۡمُسۡرِفِينَ


marked by your Lord for the transgressors.”

---

### الآية 51:35

> فَأَخْرَجْنَا مَنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [51:35]

فَأَخۡرَجۡنَا مَن كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ


Then ˹before the torment˺ We evacuated the believers from the city.

---

### الآية 51:36

> فَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهَا غَيْرَ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ [51:36]

فَمَا وَجَدۡنَا فِيهَا غَيۡرَ بَيۡتٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ


But We only found one family that had submitted ˹to Allah˺.

---

### الآية 51:37

> وَتَرَكْنَا فِيهَا آيَةً لِلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ الْعَذَابَ الْأَلِيمَ [51:37]

وَتَرَكۡنَا فِيهَآ ءَايَةٗ لِّلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ ٱلۡعَذَابَ ٱلۡأَلِيمَ


And We have left a sign there ˹as a lesson˺ for those who fear the painful punishment.

---

### الآية 51:38

> وَفِي مُوسَىٰ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ [51:38]

وَفِي مُوسَىٰٓ إِذۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰهُ إِلَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنَ بِسُلۡطَٰنٖ مُّبِينٖ


And in ˹the story of˺ Moses ˹was another lesson,˺ when We sent him to Pharaoh with compelling proof,

---

### الآية 51:39

> فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِ وَقَالَ سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ [51:39]

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكۡنِهِۦ وَقَالَ سَٰحِرٌ أَوۡ مَجۡنُونٞ


but Pharaoh was carried away by his power, saying ˹of Moses˺, “A magician or a madman!”

---

### الآية 51:40

> فَأَخَذْنَاهُ وَجُنُودَهُ فَنَبَذْنَاهُمْ فِي الْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ [51:40]

فَأَخَذۡنَٰهُ وَجُنُودَهُۥ فَنَبَذۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٞ


So We seized him and his soldiers, casting them into the sea while he was blameworthy.

---

### الآية 51:41

> وَفِي عَادٍ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ الْعَقِيمَ [51:41]

وَفِي عَادٍ إِذۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلرِّيحَ ٱلۡعَقِيمَ


And in ˹the story of˺ ’Âd ˹was another lesson,˺ when We sent against them the devastating wind.

---

### الآية 51:42

> مَا تَذَرُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا جَعَلَتْهُ كَالرَّمِيمِ [51:42]

مَا تَذَرُ مِن شَيۡءٍ أَتَتۡ عَلَيۡهِ إِلَّا جَعَلَتۡهُ كَٱلرَّمِيمِ


There was nothing it came upon that it did not reduce to ashes.

---

### الآية 51:43

> وَفِي ثَمُودَ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَمَتَّعُوا حَتَّىٰ حِينٍ [51:43]

وَفِي ثَمُودَ إِذۡ قِيلَ لَهُمۡ تَمَتَّعُواْ حَتَّىٰ حِينٖ


And in ˹the story of˺ Thamûd ˹was another lesson,˺ when they were told, “Enjoy yourselves ˹only˺ for a ˹short˺ while.”

---

### الآية 51:44

> فَعَتَوْا عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ [51:44]

فَعَتَوۡاْ عَنۡ أَمۡرِ رَبِّهِمۡ فَأَخَذَتۡهُمُ ٱلصَّـٰعِقَةُ وَهُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ


Still they persisted in defying the commands of their Lord, so they were overtaken by a ˹mighty˺ blast while they were looking on.

---

### الآية 51:45

> فَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ قِيَامٍ وَمَا كَانُوا مُنْتَصِرِينَ [51:45]

فَمَا ٱسۡتَطَٰعُواْ مِن قِيَامٖ وَمَا كَانُواْ مُنتَصِرِينَ


Then they were not able to rise up, nor were they helped.

---

### الآية 51:46

> وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ [51:46]

وَقَوۡمَ نُوحٖ مِّن قَبۡلُۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ


And the people of Noah ˹had also been destroyed˺ earlier. They were truly a rebellious people.

---

### الآية 51:47

> وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ [51:47]

وَٱلسَّمَآءَ بَنَيۡنَٰهَا بِأَيۡيْدٖ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ


We built the universe with ˹great˺ might, and We are certainly expanding ˹it˺.

---

### الآية 51:48

> وَالْأَرْضَ فَرَشْنَاهَا فَنِعْمَ الْمَاهِدُونَ [51:48]

وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ فَرَشۡنَٰهَا فَنِعۡمَ ٱلۡمَٰهِدُونَ


As for the earth, We spread it out. How superbly did We smooth it out!

---

### الآية 51:49

> وَمِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَا زَوْجَيْنِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ [51:49]

وَمِن كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ خَلَقۡنَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ


And We created pairs of all things so perhaps you would be mindful.

---

### الآية 51:50

> فَفِرُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ إِنِّي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ [51:50]

فَفِرُّوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ إِنِّي لَكُم مِّنۡهُ نَذِيرٞ مُّبِينٞ


So ˹proclaim, O Prophet˺: “Flee to Allah! I am truly sent by Him with a clear warning to you.

---

### الآية 51:51

> وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ ۖ إِنِّي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ [51:51]

وَلَا تَجۡعَلُواْ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا ءَاخَرَۖ إِنِّي لَكُم مِّنۡهُ نَذِيرٞ مُّبِينٞ


And do not set up another god with Allah. I am truly sent by Him with a clear warning to you.”

---

### الآية 51:52

> كَذَٰلِكَ مَا أَتَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا قَالُوا سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ [51:52]

كَذَٰلِكَ مَآ أَتَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِم مِّن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا قَالُواْ سَاحِرٌ أَوۡ مَجۡنُونٌ


Similarly, no messenger came to those before them without being told: “A magician or a madman!”

---

### الآية 51:53

> أَتَوَاصَوْا بِهِ ۚ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَاغُونَ [51:53]

أَتَوَاصَوۡاْ بِهِۦۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ قَوۡمٞ طَاغُونَ


Have they passed this ˹cliché˺ down to one another? In fact, they have ˹all˺ been a transgressing people.

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### الآية 51:54

> فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِمَلُومٍ [51:54]

فَتَوَلَّ عَنۡهُمۡ فَمَآ أَنتَ بِمَلُومٖ


So ˹now˺ turn away from them ˹O Prophet˺, for you will not be blamed.

---

### الآية 51:55

> وَذَكِّرْ فَإِنَّ الذِّكْرَىٰ تَنْفَعُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [51:55]

وَذَكِّرۡ فَإِنَّ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰ تَنفَعُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ


But ˹continue to˺ remind. For certainly reminders benefit the believers.

---

### الآية 51:56

> وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ [51:56]

وَمَا خَلَقۡتُ ٱلۡجِنَّ وَٱلۡإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعۡبُدُونِ


I did not create jinn and humans except to worship Me.

---

### الآية 51:57

> مَا أُرِيدُ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ يُطْعِمُونِ [51:57]

مَآ أُرِيدُ مِنۡهُم مِّن رِّزۡقٖ وَمَآ أُرِيدُ أَن يُطۡعِمُونِ


I seek no provision from them, nor do I need them to feed Me.

---

### الآية 51:58

> إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ ذُو الْقُوَّةِ الْمَتِينُ [51:58]

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلرَّزَّاقُ ذُو ٱلۡقُوَّةِ ٱلۡمَتِينُ


Indeed, Allah ˹alone˺ is the Supreme Provider—Lord of all Power, Ever Mighty.

---

### الآية 51:59

> فَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا ذَنُوبًا مِثْلَ ذَنُوبِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ فَلَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونِ [51:59]

فَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ ذَنُوبٗا مِّثۡلَ ذَنُوبِ أَصۡحَٰبِهِمۡ فَلَا يَسۡتَعۡجِلُونِ


The wrongdoers will certainly have a share ˹of the torment˺ like that of their predecessors. So do not let them ask Me to hasten ˹it˺.

---

### الآية 51:60

> فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ يَوْمِهِمُ الَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ [51:60]

فَوَيۡلٞ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن يَوۡمِهِمُ ٱلَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ


Woe then to the disbelievers when they face their Day which they are warned of!

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## روابط ذات صلة

- [النص القرآني للسورة](https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/51.md)
- [كل تفاسير سورة الذاريات
](https://quranpedia.net/surah-tafsir/51.md)
- [ترجمات سورة الذاريات
](https://quranpedia.net/translations/51.md)
- [صفحة الكتاب: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran - English translation](https://quranpedia.net/book/13661.md)

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زُر [Quranpedia.net](https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/51/book/13661) — موسوعة القرآن الكريم: التفاسير، الترجمات، التلاوات، والمواضيع.