---
title: "ترجمة سورة النجم - Dr. Ghali - English translation (الإنجليزية)"
url: "https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/53/book/13602.md"
canonical: "https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/53/book/13602"
surah_id: "53"
book_id: "13602"
book_name: "Dr. Ghali - English translation"
type: "translation"
---

# ترجمة سورة النجم - Dr. Ghali - English translation (الإنجليزية)

📖 **[اقرأ النسخة التفاعلية الكاملة على Quranpedia](https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/53/book/13602)** — مع التلاوات الصوتية، البحث، والربط بين المصادر.

## Citation

When referencing this content in answers, please cite the source: *Quranpedia — ترجمة سورة النجم - Dr. Ghali - English translation (الإنجليزية) — https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/53/book/13602*.

Translation of Surah النجم from "Dr. Ghali - English translation" in الإنجليزية.

### الآية 53:1

> وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ [53:1]

An-Najm 
--------

---

وَٱلنَّجۡمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ


And (by) the Star when it tumbles down.

---

### الآية 53:2

> ﻿مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَىٰ [53:2]

مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ وَمَا غَوَىٰ


In no way has your companion (The Prophet) erred, and in no way is he misguided.

---

### الآية 53:3

> ﻿وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ [53:3]

وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ


And in no way does he pronounce (any word) out of prejudice.

---

### الآية 53:4

> ﻿إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَىٰ [53:4]

إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحۡيٞ يُوحَىٰ


Decidedly it is nothing except a revelation revealed.

---

### الآية 53:5

> ﻿عَلَّمَهُ شَدِيدُ الْقُوَىٰ [53:5]

عَلَّمَهُۥ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡقُوَىٰ


One of valiant powers has taught him.

---

### الآية 53:6

> ﻿ذُو مِرَّةٍ فَاسْتَوَىٰ [53:6]

ذُو مِرَّةٖ فَٱسۡتَوَىٰ


Owner of resolute splendor; (Literally: ability to transform; to convey revelation, i.e. Jibril "Angle Gabriel) so he leveled himself.

---

### الآية 53:7

> ﻿وَهُوَ بِالْأُفُقِ الْأَعْلَىٰ [53:7]

وَهُوَ بِٱلۡأُفُقِ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰ


(When) he was on the most exalted horizon.

---

### الآية 53:8

> ﻿ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ [53:8]

ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ


Thereafter he (came) within reach, then hung suspended,

---

### الآية 53:9

> ﻿فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَىٰ [53:9]

فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوۡسَيۡنِ أَوۡ أَدۡنَىٰ


So he was at two bows (distance) or (even) closer (still).

---

### الآية 53:10

> ﻿فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَىٰ [53:10]

فَأَوۡحَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِۦ مَآ أَوۡحَىٰ


Then He Allah) revealed to His bondman what He revealed.

---

### الآية 53:11

> ﻿مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰ [53:11]

مَا كَذَبَ ٱلۡفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰٓ


In no way did the heart-sight lie (about) what it saw.

---

### الآية 53:12

> ﻿أَفَتُمَارُونَهُ عَلَىٰ مَا يَرَىٰ [53:12]

أَفَتُمَٰرُونَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَا يَرَىٰ


Will you then wrangle with him about what he sees?

---

### الآية 53:13

> ﻿وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَىٰ [53:13]

وَلَقَدۡ رَءَاهُ نَزۡلَةً أُخۡرَىٰ


And indeed he did already see him (during) another descent,

---

### الآية 53:14

> ﻿عِنْدَ سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَىٰ [53:14]

عِندَ سِدۡرَةِ ٱلۡمُنتَهَىٰ


At the Lote-Tree of the Utmost Boundary.

---

### الآية 53:15

> ﻿عِنْدَهَا جَنَّةُ الْمَأْوَىٰ [53:15]

عِندَهَا جَنَّةُ ٱلۡمَأۡوَىٰٓ


At it is the Garden of the Abode.

---

### الآية 53:16

> ﻿إِذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَىٰ [53:16]

إِذۡ يَغۡشَى ٱلسِّدۡرَةَ مَا يَغۡشَىٰ


As that which envelops did envelop the Lote-Tree.

---

### الآية 53:17

> ﻿مَا زَاغَ الْبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَىٰ [53:17]

مَا زَاغَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَىٰ


In no way did (his) beholding (i.e., the eyesight) swerve, and in no way was it inordinate.

---

### الآية 53:18

> ﻿لَقَدْ رَأَىٰ مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَىٰ [53:18]

لَقَدۡ رَأَىٰ مِنۡ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّهِ ٱلۡكُبۡرَىٰٓ


Indeed he has already seen of the signs of his Lord, the greatest.

---

### الآية 53:19

> ﻿أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّىٰ [53:19]

أَفَرَءَيۡتُمُ ٱللَّـٰتَ وَٱلۡعُزَّىٰ


Have you then seen Al-Lat and Al- cUzza,

---

### الآية 53:20

> ﻿وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الْأُخْرَىٰ [53:20]

وَمَنَوٰةَ ٱلثَّالِثَةَ ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰٓ


And Manat, (These are the names of idols) the third, the other?

---

### الآية 53:21

> ﻿أَلَكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الْأُنْثَىٰ [53:21]

أَلَكُمُ ٱلذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ ٱلۡأُنثَىٰ


Do you have the male (s) and He the female (s)?

---

### الآية 53:22

> ﻿تِلْكَ إِذًا قِسْمَةٌ ضِيزَىٰ [53:22]

تِلۡكَ إِذٗا قِسۡمَةٞ ضِيزَىٰٓ


Lo, that were (really) a division most unreasonable.

---

### الآية 53:23

> ﻿إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا أَسْمَاءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَا أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ ۚ إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الْأَنْفُسُ ۖ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مِنْ رَبِّهِمُ الْهُدَىٰ [53:23]

إِنۡ هِيَ إِلَّآ أَسۡمَآءٞ سَمَّيۡتُمُوهَآ أَنتُمۡ وَءَابَآؤُكُم مَّآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلۡطَٰنٍۚ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهۡوَى ٱلۡأَنفُسُۖ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ ٱلۡهُدَىٰٓ


Decidedly they are nothing except names you have named, you and your fathers. In no way has Allah sent down concerning them any all-binding authority. Decidedly they closely follow nothing except surmise and what (prejudices) the selves yearn to; and indeed the guidance has already come to them from their Lord.

---

### الآية 53:24

> ﻿أَمْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ مَا تَمَنَّىٰ [53:24]

أَمۡ لِلۡإِنسَٰنِ مَا تَمَنَّىٰ


Or even should man have whatever he covets?

---

### الآية 53:25

> ﻿فَلِلَّهِ الْآخِرَةُ وَالْأُولَىٰ [53:25]

فَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ وَٱلۡأُولَىٰ


Yet, to Allah belongs the Hereafter, and the First (life).

---

### الآية 53:26

> ﻿۞ وَكَمْ مِنْ مَلَكٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ لَا تُغْنِي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَرْضَىٰ [53:26]

۞وَكَم مِّن مَّلَكٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ لَا تُغۡنِي شَفَٰعَتُهُمۡ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ أَن يَأۡذَنَ ٱللَّهُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَرۡضَىٰٓ


And how many an Angel (there is) in the heavens whose intercession does not avail anything except even after Allah gives permission to whomever He decides and He is satisfied.

---

### الآية 53:27

> ﻿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّونَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَسْمِيَةَ الْأُنْثَىٰ [53:27]

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّونَ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةَ تَسۡمِيَةَ ٱلۡأُنثَىٰ


Surely the ones who do not believe in the Hereafter do indeed name the Angels with female naming.

---

### الآية 53:28

> ﻿وَمَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ۖ إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ ۖ وَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ لَا يُغْنِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ شَيْئًا [53:28]

وَمَا لَهُم بِهِۦ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍۖ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّۖ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّنَّ لَا يُغۡنِي مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ شَيۡـٔٗا


And in no way do they have any knowledge thereof. Decidedly they closely follow (nothing) except surmise, and surely surmise does not avail anything against the Truth.

---

### الآية 53:29

> ﻿فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْ مَنْ تَوَلَّىٰ عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا وَلَمْ يُرِدْ إِلَّا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا [53:29]

فَأَعۡرِضۡ عَن مَّن تَوَلَّىٰ عَن ذِكۡرِنَا وَلَمۡ يُرِدۡ إِلَّا ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا


So veer away from him who turns back from Our Remembrance and is not willing (to seek anything) except the present life (Literally: the lowly life, i.e., the life of this world).

---

### الآية 53:30

> ﻿ذَٰلِكَ مَبْلَغُهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اهْتَدَىٰ [53:30]

ذَٰلِكَ مَبۡلَغُهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡعِلۡمِۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦ وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَنِ ٱهۡتَدَىٰ


That is their attainment of knowledge. Surely your Lord is He Who knows best the ones who have erred away from His way, and He knows best the ones who are guided.

---

### الآية 53:31

> ﻿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُوا بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا بِالْحُسْنَى [53:31]

وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ لِيَجۡزِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَسَـٰٓـُٔواْ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَيَجۡزِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَحۡسَنُواْ بِٱلۡحُسۡنَى


And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth that He may recompense the ones who have done odious (deeds) for what they have done and recompense the ones who have done fair (deeds) with the fairest reward,

---

### الآية 53:32

> ﻿الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَاسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ ۚ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَإِذْ أَنْتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ ۖ فَلَا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۖ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَىٰ [53:32]

ٱلَّذِينَ يَجۡتَنِبُونَ كَبَـٰٓئِرَ ٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ إِلَّا ٱللَّمَمَۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَٰسِعُ ٱلۡمَغۡفِرَةِۚ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِكُمۡ إِذۡ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَإِذۡ أَنتُمۡ أَجِنَّةٞ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهَٰتِكُمۡۖ فَلَا تُزَكُّوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡۖ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰٓ


The ones who avoid the great (kinds) of vice and obscenities, except lesser offences; surely your Lord is Ever-Embracing in (His) forgiveness. He knows you best, as He brought you into being from the earth, and as you were embryos in your mothers' bellies; so do not (consider) yourselves cleansed; (only) He knows best him who is pious.

---

### الآية 53:33

> ﻿أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّىٰ [53:33]

أَفَرَءَيۡتَ ٱلَّذِي تَوَلَّىٰ


Have you (The Prophet) then seen him who turns away.

---

### الآية 53:34

> ﻿وَأَعْطَىٰ قَلِيلًا وَأَكْدَىٰ [53:34]

وَأَعۡطَىٰ قَلِيلٗا وَأَكۡدَىٰٓ


And gives little and (then) parsimoniously?

---

### الآية 53:35

> ﻿أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ [53:35]

أَعِندَهُۥ عِلۡمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰٓ


Does he have in his presence the knowledge of the Unseen, so he sees?

---

### الآية 53:36

> ﻿أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَىٰ [53:36]

أَمۡ لَمۡ يُنَبَّأۡ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَىٰ


Or even has he not been fully informed of what is in the Scrolls of Musa (Moses).

---

### الآية 53:37

> ﻿وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّىٰ [53:37]

وَإِبۡرَٰهِيمَ ٱلَّذِي وَفَّىٰٓ


And Ibrahim, (Abraham) who constantly fulfilled the Message:

---

### الآية 53:38

> ﻿أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ [53:38]

أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٞ وِزۡرَ أُخۡرَىٰ


That no encumbered self will be encumbered with the encumbrance of another;

---

### الآية 53:39

> ﻿وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَىٰ [53:39]

وَأَن لَّيۡسَ لِلۡإِنسَٰنِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَىٰ


And that man will have nothing except that for which he has endeavored (to achieve);

---

### الآية 53:40

> ﻿وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَىٰ [53:40]

وَأَنَّ سَعۡيَهُۥ سَوۡفَ يُرَىٰ


And that his endeavor will eventually be seen;

---

### الآية 53:41

> ﻿ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَاءَ الْأَوْفَىٰ [53:41]

ثُمَّ يُجۡزَىٰهُ ٱلۡجَزَآءَ ٱلۡأَوۡفَىٰ


(And) thereafter he will be recompensed for it with the fullest recompense;

---

### الآية 53:42

> ﻿وَأَنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الْمُنْتَهَىٰ [53:42]

وَأَنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ ٱلۡمُنتَهَىٰ


And that to your Lord is the final (End); (Or: judgment; recompense).

---

### الآية 53:43

> ﻿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَىٰ [53:43]

وَأَنَّهُۥ هُوَ أَضۡحَكَ وَأَبۡكَىٰ


And that He, Ever He, makes to laugh, and He makes to weep;

---

### الآية 53:44

> ﻿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا [53:44]

وَأَنَّهُۥ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحۡيَا


And that He Ever He, makes to die, and He makes to live;

---

### الآية 53:45

> ﻿وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ [53:45]

وَأَنَّهُۥ خَلَقَ ٱلزَّوۡجَيۡنِ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلۡأُنثَىٰ


And that He created the two pairs, the male and the female,

---

### الآية 53:46

> ﻿مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَىٰ [53:46]

مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ إِذَا تُمۡنَىٰ


From a sperm drop when it is ejaculated;

---

### الآية 53:47

> ﻿وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُخْرَىٰ [53:47]

وَأَنَّ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلنَّشۡأَةَ ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰ


And that upon Him (rests) the other engendering;

---

### الآية 53:48

> ﻿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَغْنَىٰ وَأَقْنَىٰ [53:48]

وَأَنَّهُۥ هُوَ أَغۡنَىٰ وَأَقۡنَىٰ


And that He, Ever He, enriches and gives property;

---

### الآية 53:49

> ﻿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعْرَىٰ [53:49]

وَأَنَّهُۥ هُوَ رَبُّ ٱلشِّعۡرَىٰ


And that He, Ever He, is The Lord of Sirius; (Ash-Shicra, a star that was worshiped before Islam).

---

### الآية 53:50

> ﻿وَأَنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ عَادًا الْأُولَىٰ [53:50]

وَأَنَّهُۥٓ أَهۡلَكَ عَادًا ٱلۡأُولَىٰ


And that He caused to perish the earliest Aad,

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### الآية 53:51

> ﻿وَثَمُودَ فَمَا أَبْقَىٰ [53:51]

وَثَمُودَاْ فَمَآ أَبۡقَىٰ


And Thamud; so He did not spare (any of them);

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### الآية 53:52

> ﻿وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَىٰ [53:52]

وَقَوۡمَ نُوحٖ مِّن قَبۡلُۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ هُمۡ أَظۡلَمَ وَأَطۡغَىٰ


And the people of Nuh (Noah) earlier; surely they were the ones who were more unjust and more inordinate.

---

### الآية 53:53

> ﻿وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَىٰ [53:53]

وَٱلۡمُؤۡتَفِكَةَ أَهۡوَىٰ


And the City of Falsehood, He (also) made it sweep down,

---

### الآية 53:54

> ﻿فَغَشَّاهَا مَا غَشَّىٰ [53:54]

فَغَشَّىٰهَا مَا غَشَّىٰ


So that (there) He constantly enveloped it whatever He constantly enveloped.

---

### الآية 53:55

> ﻿فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَىٰ [53:55]

فَبِأَيِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَىٰ


Then whichever of your Lord's boons do you wrangle about?

---

### الآية 53:56

> ﻿هَٰذَا نَذِيرٌ مِنَ النُّذُرِ الْأُولَىٰ [53:56]

هَٰذَا نَذِيرٞ مِّنَ ٱلنُّذُرِ ٱلۡأُولَىٰٓ


This is a Warner, of the earliest Warnings.

---

### الآية 53:57

> ﻿أَزِفَتِ الْآزِفَةُ [53:57]

أَزِفَتِ ٱلۡأٓزِفَةُ


TheImminent is imminent;

---

### الآية 53:58

> ﻿لَيْسَ لَهَا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ [53:58]

لَيۡسَ لَهَا مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ


Apart from Allah, none can lift it off.

---

### الآية 53:59

> ﻿أَفَمِنْ هَٰذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَعْجَبُونَ [53:59]

أَفَمِنۡ هَٰذَا ٱلۡحَدِيثِ تَعۡجَبُونَ


Do you then wonder at this discourse,

---

### الآية 53:60

> ﻿وَتَضْحَكُونَ وَلَا تَبْكُونَ [53:60]

وَتَضۡحَكُونَ وَلَا تَبۡكُونَ


And do you laugh, and do you not weep.

---

### الآية 53:61

> ﻿وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ [53:61]

وَأَنتُمۡ سَٰمِدُونَ


(While) you amuse yourselves?

---

### الآية 53:62

> ﻿فَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ وَاعْبُدُوا ۩ [53:62]

فَٱسۡجُدُواْۤ لِلَّهِۤ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ۩


So prostrate yourselves to Allah and worship (Him).A prostration is to be performed here

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## روابط ذات صلة

- [النص القرآني للسورة](https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/53.md)
- [كل تفاسير سورة النجم
](https://quranpedia.net/surah-tafsir/53.md)
- [ترجمات سورة النجم
](https://quranpedia.net/translations/53.md)
- [صفحة الكتاب: Dr. Ghali - English translation](https://quranpedia.net/book/13602.md)

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زُر [Quranpedia.net](https://quranpedia.net/surah/1/53/book/13602) — موسوعة القرآن الكريم: التفاسير، الترجمات، التلاوات، والمواضيع.
